rachis mshveneba - nikorwminda

Zvelad erTi qarTveli monadire naqeralas qedze asula da rom gadmouxedavs, ganucvifrebia rionis viwro da Rrma xeobas, igi WisTvis miumsgavsebia da gaocebuls wamouZaxia:- es ra Wa yofilao. amis Semdeg am mxares raWa darqmevia.
raWa saqarTvelos istoriul-geografiuli mxarea. igi mdebareobs dasavleT saqarTvelos Crdilo-aRmosavleT mxareSi. mdinare rionisa da misi Senakadebis xeobaSi. CrdiloeTiT igi kavkasionis mTavar wyalgamyof qeds gasdevs da es mxare esazRvreba ruseTis federacias. dasavleTiT svaneTisa da egrisi qedebi gamohyofs samegrelo zemo svaneTisagan, samxreTiT sazRvari xvamlis masivs, naqeralasa da raWis qedebs miuyveba, aRmosavleTidan raWas Sida qarTlis mxare esazRvreba.
Tavidan raWa TakverTan erTad qmnida Takveris saerisTaos, romelic egrisis samefoSi Sedioda, Semdgom leCxumTan erTad raWa-leCxumis saeristaoSi daerTianda. X saukunis bolos Seiqmna raWis saerisTao romlis pirveli erisTavi rati baRvaSi iyo. misi Zis, kaxaberis saxelidan modis raWis erisTavebis kaxaberiZeTa gvar-saxelebi. XIII saukunis 80-ian wlebSi davit narinma gaauqma saerisTao da es teritoria samefo mamulebad gamoacxada. SemdgomSi saerisTaos aRdgenis Semdeg erisTavis tituls WareliZeTa ufro mogvianebiT ki CxetiZeTa sagvareulo atarebda. imereTis samefos ruseTis imperiasTan SeerTebis Semdeg, raWis teritoria qmnida jer okrugs, Semdeg mazras.
raWa mTiani mxarea. igi ZiriTadad maRali qedebisa da mTaTaSorisi qvabulebis regionia. aRsaniSnavia mwvervalebi: ailama (zR.d. 4546m), WanWaxi (zR.d. 4461m), laila (zR.d. 4009m) da sxva. Reliefi umeteswilad Tanamedrove gamyinvarebiT, paleoglacialuri da eroziuldendaciuri formebiTaa warmodgenili. mxaris umTavres geomorfologiur erTeulad raWis qvabuli iTvleba. igi rTuli geologiuri agebulebiT xasiaTdeba. qvabulis centrSi mdinare rioni moedineba, romlis xeobaSic ramdenime terasa gamoiyofa. isini samosaxlod da sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebadaa gamoyenebuli. qvabuli samxreTidan raWia qediTaa Semofargluli. qedi saSualo simaRlisaa. igi mTa zekaras (zR.d. 3833m) midamoebSi kavkasionis mTavar wyalgamyof qeds uerTdeba. raWis qedis dasavleTi nawili agebulia kurqvebiT, ris gamoc aq ganviTarebulia karstuli reliefi. naqeralas uReltexilidan (zR.d. 1370m) Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT Saoris qvabuli mdebareobs, romelic amJamad amave saxelwodebis wyalsacavs ukavia. Saoris karstuli qvabuli aris ara xelovnebis, aramed bunebis saintereso Zegli. nikorwmindidan ramdenime kilometrSi aris grandiozuli miwisqveSa sicariele, romelsac sayinule hqvia. am mRvimeSi zafxulSic ki yinuli rCeboda da amitom Searqves sayinule. aqedan gavdivarT Saoris qvabulze. Saoris qvabuli karstul polies warmoadgens. teritoria kirqvuli qanebiT aris agebuli. es polie irgvliv SemozRudulia mTebiT,- sawalike, samglia, naqerala. wyali, romelic am mTebidan Camoedineboda da grovdeboda qvabulSi, aqedan gaedineboda sofel nikorwmindis boloSi arsebuli sasulebiT da Sareulas da civwyalas saxiT gamoedineboda zedapirze. me-20 saukunis 50-ian wlebSi aq Catarda didi sainJinro samuSaoebi. naqeralas qedis ZirSi gayvanil iqna 800 metriani gvirabi, aqedan wyali milebiT eSveba qalaq tyibulamde da iq amuSavebs eleqtrosadgur-Saorhess. qvabulis fskeri amJamad Saoris wyalsacaviT aris Sevsebuli. is rezervuaria Saoris eleqtrosadgurisTvis da mas wyliT amarages. wyalsacavSi moSenebulia Tevzi. misi sarkis farTobi 13 kv.km-ia, rac cotaTi aRemateba Tbilisis wylsacavis farTobs.
Saoris qvabulis CrdiloeTiT geologebis dasaxleba xarisTvala mdebareobs. qvabulis qveS qvanaxSiris didi maragia RmoCenili.
raWis farTobia 2,47 kv.km. istoriul-geografiuli raWa sam kuTxed iyofa: mTis raWa, xemo raWa da qvemo raWa.




ambrolauri mdebareobs kavkasionis sistemis samxreTi ferdobis zonaSi. misi samxreT-aRmosavleTi sazRvari gasdevs raWis qeds, raWis qedi ambrolauris, onis, saCxeris raionebSi da tyibulis saqalaqo sabWos teritoriaze, kavkasionis samxreTi ganStoebaa. misi sigrZe 85 km-ia; simaRle 2862 metramde. agebulia ZiriTadad kirqvebiT, porfiritebiT da tufogenuri fiqlebiT. qedis ferdobebze farTofoTlovani tyeebia (ZiriTadad eiflia) zemoT alpuri da subalpuri mdeloebi. raWis qedis samxreT dasavleT StoebTan mdebareobs tyibulis qvanaxSiris sabado.
ambrolauris raionis teritoriaze miedineba rionid da misi Senakadebi: krixula, znakura, Sareula, luxunis wyali, riceula da askiswyali. teritoria 11,41 kv.km. maT Soris sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebs ukavia 2,40 kv.km. raionSi 27 saxelmwifo zogadsaganmanaTleblo skola, 1 umaRlesi saswavlebeli (teqnikuri universitetis filiali), 43 biblioTeka, 1 Teatri da 1 muzeumia.
raWaSi aris bevri GRirsSesaniSnaobebi da istoriuli Zeglebi. aqedan aRsanisnavia: nikorwmindis, barakonis, mravalZalis eklesiebi, aseve, maCablis koSki, sofel zemo krixis mTavarangelozTa eklesia, kvaracixe, WeliSi, minda cixe, bugeulis RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia da rakeTis wminda nikolozis eklesia.…………………………………………………………………………………………… .
onidan xuTiode kilometris gavlis Semdeg, marcxniv, Sors Sqmeris Tamar dedoflis kldeebi gamoCnda, sadac miudgomeli gamoqvabulebi moCans. es gamoqvabulebi dRemde aravis Seuswavlia (jer kidev ramdenime gamoucnobi da Seuswavleli adgilia saqarTveloSi...). aqve, marcxniv sofeli kvaSxieTia-murman lebaniZis samSoblo. mdenare rionis gayolebiT, marjvniv sofeli soria. soflis eklesiaSi saintereso freskebia SemorCenili. kidev marjvniv sofeli wesia-raWis erisTavTa rezidencia. marjvniv kldovan borcvze minda cixea wamomarTuli-raWis saerisTaos umTavresi cixe. marcxniv barakonis taZari dgas-gvianiperiodismniSvnelovani Zegli da erismTavarTa karis eklesia. barakonis taZari RvTismSoblis saxelobisaa, raWis erisTavis rostomis brZanebiT 1753wels aago ostatma avTandil Sulavrelma. Senoba sworkuTxaa, minaSenTa gareSe. gumbaTi eyrdnoba sakurTxevlis kuTxeebsa da or boZs. naSenia Tlili qviT da garedan uxvadaa Semkuli CuqurTmebiT. fasadebze vxvdebiT zogierT Zvelebur elements, umetesad tradiciulia CuqurTmebis saxeebic, magram morTuloba moklebulia mTlianobas da organulad ver ukavSirdeba arqiteqturas. taZris maxloblad mdebareobs erismTavrebis saxli.
Bbarakonidan xuTiode kilometris gavlis Semdeg ambrolaurSi SevdivarT. Tu onis raioni ZiriTadad mecxoveleobis raionia, ambrolaurSi mevenaxeoba sWarbobs. am raionSi mdebareobs sofeli xvanWkara, sadac moyvanili yurZnisgan mzaddeba saqveynod cnobili Rvino xvanWkara. ambrolauris dasaxelba mdinare rionisa da mdinare krixulas SeerTebis adgilas mdebareobs. ambrolauridan 16km. aRmarTi unda gaviaroT rom nikorwmindaSi movxvdeT. gzad gavivliT sofel xotevs, sadac XVIII s-is gumbaTiani eklesia da kargad SemorCenili cixe-simagrea. Semdeg sofeli WeiliaRelea-WeliZeTa sofeli. soflis ganapiras mozrdili tba mdebareobs. iqvea darbazuli taZari.

WeliaReles avcdebiT Tu ara, wina planze nikorwminda gamoCnda. albaT am adgilas wamoscda Sovidan momaval galaqtions:,,maqvs mkerds midebuli qnari, rogorc minda. CemTvis didebuli sxivi gamobreyinda”. 1947 wels galaqtioni SovSi isvenebda da aqedan Casula nikorwmindis sanaxavad. swored maSin dawera ,,qebaTa-qeba nikorwmindisa”.
SevdivarT taZris ezoSi. win XIX s-Si aSenebuli samrekloa. cota ukan CuqurTmebiT moqarguli nikorwmindis taZari. es qarTuli arqiteqturis Sedevri yvelaze CuqurTmiani taZaria saqarTveloSi. gumbaTis yeli mTlianad da fasadebis didi nawili CuqurTmaSia Casmuli. aRmosavleTis fasadidan viwyebT daTvalierebas. isev galaqtioni Segvexmiana: ,,aq rom TaRebia svetTa Sekoneba, ise nagebia sizmris gegoneba”. rogorc Yvela taZarSi, nikorwmindis aRmosavleTi fasadic Zalzed lamazia. aq karnizis qveS amaRlebis scenaa gamosaxuli. gansakuTrebiT lamazia samxreTi fasadi. aqac, karnizis qveS gamosaxulia ,,qristes meored mosvlis“ reliefuri scena. ,,ra ganZi gvqonia, ra mxne, ra mdidari, JRers qvis harmonia-darobs ramdi-dari”. saerTod, nikorwmindis reliefuri gamosaxulebebi xelovnebis Sedevrebia. aqac, brwyinvale reliefuri gamosaxulebaa. maRla, gumbaTis yelis ZirSi frTosani faskunjebis gamosaxulebaa,- ,,mzera qarTulia sivrcis daunjebiT, Tavli garTulia frTosan faskunjebiT”. vidre taZarSi SevalT, ibadeba kiTxva-rodis da vin aaSena nikorwminddddda, vin iyo xelovani? mSenebeli ktitoris vinaoba gacxadebuliadasavleTis fasadis warweraSi. taZari aSenda 1010-1014 wlebSi, bagrat III-s ktitorobiT. bagrati aq afxazTa da ramTa mefed moixsenieba. rani bagratma daimorCila 1010-1014 wlebSi. rac Seexeba xelovans, is ucnobia. konstantine gamsaxurdias sityvebiT rom vTqvaT: ,,xelovnebaa Tavad ukvdaveba”. albaT yvela xelovani ase fiqrobda-am xelovnebaSia misi ukvdaveba da ara misi gacxadeba.
SevideT taZris interierSi. nikorwminda gumbaTovani taZaria, CuqurTmaSi Casmuli gumbaTis yeliT da frontonebiT. aranakleb sainteresoa misi interieri, anu SigTavsi. taZari gegmaSi eqvs fsidiania. misi dasavleTi afsida oTxkuTxa mklavad aris gadaqceuli. nikorwminda eqvs afsidiani taZris saukeTeso nimusad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. taZarSi preskebi kargad aris SemorCenili.
isini XVII s-es ganekuTvneba. gumbaTis kamarSi jvris amaRlebis kompoziciaa. afsidebis konqSi macxovris cxovrebis epizodebia gamosaxuli. dabla registrSi istoriul pirTa XVIII s-is freskebia warmodgenili.
saidan warmosdga saxelwodeba nikorwminda? ori variantia: erTni fiqroben, rom wminda nikolozTan aris dakavSirebuli, meore versiiT ki saxelwodeba warmarTuli periodidan modis da cxovelis, nikora xaris kultTan aris dakavSirebuli. cnobili faqtia, rom qritianobamde saqarTveloSi xaris kulti iyo gavrcelebuli. akademikosi giorgi axvlediani cxovelis kults ukavSirebs, agreTve, TviT raWis saxelwodebasac. Zalian adre raWis teritoriaze svanuri modgmis xalxi cxovrobda. raWvelebi aq qarTlidan gadmosaxldnen ufro gvian. Svanebma aq datives Tavisi etimologia. raWvi svnaurad kurdRels niSnavs. is svanebSitotemuri cxoveli iyo da aqedan Seiqmna saxelwodeba raWac. gamovdivarT taZridan emociebiT saves. isev galaqtioni Semogvegeba: ,,mZlavri xelovneba, xalxis xeloneba-brwyinavs saqarTvelos qebad nukorwminda”!
mravalZalis eklesia XI saukunis wminda giorgis saxelobis darbazuli tipis eklesiaa, igi mdebareobs onis raionSi sofel mTiskalTis midamoebSi. 1894 wels gadaakeTes gumbaTovan nakeTobad da dasavleTis mxridan miuSenes samreklo. am dros daiRupa Zveli eklesiis didi nawili. darCenilia mxolod CuwurTmebiT, reliefiRa da lapidaruli warwerebiT mdidrulad Semkuli aRmosavleTi fasadi, sakurTxelvlis naxevarwriuli afsida konqiTa da maRali Rrma niSnebiT, agreTve SesaniSnavi freskuli mxatvrobis fragmentebi. Zveli eklesiis mravali moCuqurTmebuli qva axlad aSenebul usistemod mimofantuli.
sofel zemo krixis mTavarangelozTa eklesia X saukunis qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis Zeglia. yviTeli msxvilnasvretiani kirqvis sufTad naTali kvadrebiT. eklesiis gegmas safuZvlad udevs saqarTvelosaTvis uCveulo kompozicia, sworkuTxedis formis mokle da maRal darbazs aRmosavleTis mxridan ekvris SedarebiT ufro dabali da Zlier gamoweuli momrgvalebuli sakurTxeveli. mTeli taZari mdidrulad aris morTuli kveTili CuqurTmebiT. SigniT SemnorCenilia freskuli fragmentebi, kankelTan iatakze datanebuli qvis qandakeba-daTvis da ori belis Tavebis.
Kkvara cixe-am dasaxelebiT ixsenieba XI saukunidan qarTul wyaroebSi. igi warmoadgenda cixe sacxovrebels, aRWurvili iyo saTavsoebiT da wylis maragis qvevrebiT. hqonda mdinare kruxulaze Casasvleli gvirabi. farTobi Seadgenda 2000kv.m. igi yvelaze didi darbazi iyo dasavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi da mefeTa sazafxulo rezidencias warmoadgenda.
maCablis koSki mdebareobs qalaq ambrolaurSi, agebulia Suafeodalur xanaSi, koSki samsarTuliania da duroebic aqvs. 1769 wels imereTis mefe solomon I-ma ambrolauri uboZa das, saqarTvelos erT-erTi uZlieresi feodaluri sagvareulos-wulukiZeebis sizes, qarTlidan gadmosul zurab maCabels, aqedan momdinareobs Zeglis saxelwodebac.
bugeulis RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia erTnaviani Senobaa, agebulia XVI saukuneSi, ganaaxles 1838 wels. Semkulia ulamazesi freskebiT, sadac wmindanebTan erTad am mxaris warCinebulTa freskebicaa, rac mowmobs, rom bugeulis eklesia mTavari karis eklesias warmoadgenda.
rakeTis wminda nikolozis eklesia XI saukunis pirvel mesameds ganekuTvneba, e saris erTnaviani nageoba sufTad gaTlili Sirmis qvis kvadrebiT. fasadis morTuloba Sesrulebulia moTeTro kirqvebiT, eklesia uxvad aris Semkuli mdidruli CuqurTmebiT da reliefebiT. nawilobriv aRdgenilia eklesis SesaniSnavi CuqurTmebiT Semkuli kankeli, romelis Camocvenili nawilebi eklesiaSia daculi.
WeliSi-Sua aukuneebis monasteri kulturul-saganmanaTleblo kera dasavleT saqarTveloSi. ambrolauris municipalitetis sofeli nikorwmindis dasavleTiT 4-5 kilometre, qarafovani kldeebis Ziras mdebareobs. SemorCenilia eklesiis nangrevebi da samreklo, istoriul wyaroebSi pirvelad XI saukuneSi ixsenieba. uZvelesi xanis aris monastris gamoqvabulebi berTaTvis da ,,salayulebulo” gandgomilTaTvis maRal kldeSi. samonastro cxovreba aq XX saukunis 30-ian wlebamde grZeldeboda. WeliSi rom udidesi kulturis centri iyo uZveles xanaSi amas adasturebs is xelnaweri wignebi, romlebmac moaRwies Cvenamde, maTgan aRsaniSnavia etratze naweri oTxTavi(XIs), aseve kaTalikospatriarq ambrosi xelaias mier mikvleuli ,,moqcevai qarTlisais” WeliSuri varianti(XIVs).
uZvelesi droidan raWa-leCxumi brinjaosa da rkinis xanis kulturis kerad iTvleboda, igi cnobili iyo samTamadno da metalurgiuli warmoebiT. rkinis mopoveba-damuSavebam wedisisa da misi maxlobeli soflebis mcxovrebTa yofa-cxovrebaSi imdenad didi adgili daikava, rom am mxares ,,sarkineTs” uwodebdnen, xolo am xelobis mimdevarT-,,rkinis kacebs”. wedisis maRaroebs XIX saukunis Sua wlebamde amuSavebdnen. mtris Semosevebis dros raWa-leCxumi iaraR-saWurveliR amaragebda qveyanas. raWa-leCxumis meurneobis wamyvani dargia mevenaxeoba, rasac regionis mosaxleoba uZvelesi droidan misdevs. venaxebis umetesi nawili ambrolauris raionSia. mravalferovania regionSi gavrcelebuli vazis jiSebi: aleqsandreuli,TeTra, saxelouri, orbelis ojaleSi da sxva. saqveynod ganTqmulia Rvinoebi: ,,xvanWkara”, ,,usaxelouri”. raWuli da leCxumuri xili gemoTi da maRa;li xarisxiT uZvelesi droidanaa cnobili. aq mohyavT simindi da lobio, didi farTobi uWiravs kartofilis naTesebs.
`minda cixesTan~ dakavSirebiT Semdegi Tqmuleba arsebobs: rodesac Tamar mefe patara iyo raCis erT-erTi mTa moswonebia da wamouZaxia: `aq minda cixeo~ _swored aqedan warmosdga am cixis saxeli.
aseve arsebobs meore Tqmuleba sofel muxlTan dakavSirebiT: TiTqos Tamar mefes bavSvobis didi nawili swored am sofelSi gaetarebina. erT dRes TamaSis dros muxli utkenia da swored amitom darqmevia am sofels `muxli~.